When funds are received with a donor restriction, those funds are legally limited to the use listed by the donor. Restrictions typically come in the form of time restrictions, or purpose restrictions, and depending on how specific the restriction language is, the organization may have some or no flexibility with respect to expending those funds.
Less specific restriction language means that a larger number of expenditures may meet the requirement. For example, a restriction for a new stove is more specific than a restriction for the kitchen, which could include equipment, dishes, silverware, kitchen salaries, food, etc.
Sometimes not-for-profit organizations unknowingly restrict donations themselves. For example, announcing at an event that funds will be used for the purchase of food to be given to the needy. This immediately restricts all donations from that event to food, when the organization may have intended to provide much more than just food to the needy. Another example would be listing a specific use of funds in an annual donation request letter. The organization should be mindful to stay away from specifics unless needed, as to not restrict funds unintentionally.
During the year 2020 many organizations have faced unforeseen challenges and uncertainties. During this time, having funds that are restricted for long term purposes when short term needs are not be being met can be difficult. An organization may consider reaching out to the original donor of any remaining restricted funds to obtain permission, in writing, to release those funds for general use.
It is very important to maintain detailed records of donations, particularly donations with restrictions. Tracking the receipt of, and subsequent expenditure of, restricted donations is integral to the records of the organization. If your organization needs assistance in developing a method to ensure complete and accurate records in this area, we are here to help.